ANAND CLASSES Study Material and Notes to learn the classification of matter with a focus on homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, tailored for Class 11, JEE, and NEET aspirants. Understand definitions, differences, examples, and key concepts with exam-ready clarity.
🧪 Classification of Matter – Detailed Q&A
Q1. What is ‘matter’?
Ans: Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Everything around us – air, water, food, stones, metals – is made of matter.
Q2. How is matter classified at the macroscopic (bulk) level?
Ans: At the macroscopic level, matter is classified into two main categories:
Mixtures
Pure Substances
These are further subdivided as follows:
├── Mixtures │ ├── Homogeneous │ └── Heterogeneous └── Pure Substances ├── Elements └── Compounds
🔹 MIXTURES
Q3. What is a mixture?
Ans: A mixture is a material made by physically combining two or more pure substances (elements or compounds), where each substance retains its own chemical identity and properties.
Q4. What are the characteristics of mixtures?
Ans:
Constituents can be present in any ratio.
Components retain their original properties.
Components can be separated by physical methods.
No chemical reaction occurs between components.
Q5. How are mixtures classified?
Ans: Mixtures are classified into:
Homogeneous Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Q6. What is a homogeneous mixture? Give examples.
Ans: A homogeneous mixture has uniform composition throughout. The different components are not visible even under a microscope.
Q7. What is a heterogeneous mixture? Give examples.
Ans: A heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition. The different components are visible or can be identified separately.
Examples:
Mixture of sand and salt
Oil and water
Soil
Salad
🔹 PURE SUBSTANCES
Q8. What is a pure substance?
Ans: A pure substance is made up of only one kind of particle (atoms or molecules) that have a definite and fixed composition and cannot be separated by physical methods.
Q9. What are the types of pure substances?
Ans: Pure substances are of two types:
Elements
Compounds
🔸 ELEMENTS
Q10. What is an element?
Ans: An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods. It is made up of only one kind of atom.
Some elements like sodium (Na) or copper (Cu) exist as individual atoms.
Others like hydrogen (H₂), oxygen (O₂), and nitrogen (N₂) exist as diatomic molecules.
🔸 COMPOUNDS
Q14. What is a compound?
Ans: A compound is a pure substance formed when two or more different elements chemically combine in a fixed ratio.
Q15. What are the characteristics of compounds?
Ans:
Composed of two or more elements.
Elements are combined in a definite fixed ratio.
Can be broken down by chemical methods.
Have properties different from their constituent elements.
Represented by chemical formulas (e.g., H₂O, CO₂).
Q16. Give examples of compounds and their composition.
Compound
Composition
Ratio (by atoms)
Water (H₂O)
2 Hydrogen + 1 Oxygen
2:1
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
1 Carbon + 2 Oxygen
1:2
Ammonia (NH₃)
1 Nitrogen + 3 Hydrogen
1:3
Methane (CH₄)
1 Carbon + 4 Hydrogen
1:4
Q17. How are compounds different from mixtures?
Feature
Mixture
Compound
Composition
Variable
Fixed
Formation
Physical mixing
Chemical bonding
Separation method
Physical methods
Chemical methods
Property
Properties of constituents retained
New properties formed
🔎 Concept Insight: Water – An Amazing Compound
Water is made from hydrogen (explosive gas) and oxygen (supports burning).
But water itself extinguishes fire – a totally new property!
🧠 Do You Know?
Air is a homogeneous mixture of gases like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.
Milk looks uniform but is a colloid, a type of heterogeneous mixture.
Alloys, though made of multiple metals, are homogeneous mixtures (e.g., brass = copper + zinc).
The composition of compounds is fixed, but in mixtures, it is variable.
📚 Summary
Category
Type
Examples
Mixture
Homogeneous
Sugar solution, air, alloys
Heterogeneous
Soil, salt & sugar, oil & water
Pure Substance
Element
Iron, copper, oxygen
Compound
Water, CO₂, glucose
📝 MCQs on Classification of Matter
Q1. Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
A. Soil B. Salt dissolved in water C. Mixture of sand and iron filings D. Pulses mixed with stones
✅ Answer: B. Salt dissolved in water
Explanation: Salt and water mix completely and uniformly. This type of mixture has uniform composition throughout, hence it is homogeneous. The others are heterogeneous mixtures.
Q2. Which of the following is a compound?
A. Air B. Brass C. Water D. Soil
✅ Answer: C. Water
Explanation: Water (H₂O) is a compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen in a fixed ratio (2:1). Air and brass are mixtures, and soil is a heterogeneous mixture.
Q3. The components of a mixture:
A. Cannot be separated B. Are present in a fixed ratio C. Have different properties from components D. Can be separated by physical methods
✅ Answer: D. Can be separated by physical methods
Explanation: Mixtures can be separated using physical techniques like filtration, evaporation, distillation, hand-picking, etc. Compounds, on the other hand, require chemical methods for separation.
Q4. Which of the following is a pure substance?
A. Sugar solution B. Milk C. Oxygen gas D. Blood
✅ Answer: C. Oxygen gas
Explanation: Oxygen (O₂) is an element, and hence a pure substance. Sugar solution, milk, and blood are mixtures.
Q5. Which of these is a heterogeneous mixture?
A. Sugar solution B. Air C. Mixture of oil and water D. Vinegar
✅ Answer: C. Mixture of oil and water
Explanation: Oil and water do not mix uniformly and form two distinct layers. Therefore, it is a heterogeneous mixture.
Q6. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a compound?
A. Fixed composition B. Components can be separated physically C. Properties are different from components D. Formed by chemical combination of elements
✅ Answer: B. Components can be separated physically
Explanation: Compounds cannot be separated into their elements by physical methods. They require chemical methods like electrolysis.
Q7. Which one of the following statements is true about elements?
A. They contain atoms of different kinds B. They are always found in molecular form C. They are made up of only one kind of atom D. They can be separated by filtration
✅ Answer: C. They are made up of only one kind of atom
Explanation: By definition, elements consist of only one type of atom. They may exist as atoms (e.g., Na) or molecules (e.g., O₂), but all atoms are of the same kind.
Q8. Which of the following is a compound formed by elements in a fixed ratio?
A. Brass B. Air C. Carbon dioxide D. Milk
✅ Answer: C. Carbon dioxide
Explanation: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a compound of carbon and oxygen combined in a fixed 1:2 atomic ratio. The others are mixtures.
Q9. Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is a:
A. Mixture B. Element C. Compound D. Alloy
✅ Answer: C. Compound
Explanation: Glucose is a compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a fixed proportion. It cannot be broken into its elements by physical methods.
Q10. Which of the following mixtures can be separated by hand-picking?
A. Salt and water B. Sugar and sand C. Rice and stones D. Iron and sulfur
✅ Answer: C. Rice and stones
Explanation: Hand-picking is useful when components of a mixture differ in size, shape, or color and are easily visible. Rice and stones can be separated by this method.
✅ Quick Recap: Tips for Solving MCQs
Fixed ratio + new properties = Compound
Can be separated physically = Mixture
Same type of atom = Element
Uniform mixture = Homogeneous
Visible components = Heterogeneous
🧪 Classification of Matter – 10 Question Quiz
📄 Classification of Matter – Worksheet (with Teacher Answers)
Tick (✓) the correct answer. Each question carries 1 mark.
1. Which of the following is a compound? A. Air B. Soil C. Water D. Brass ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
2. A homogeneous mixture is: A. Mixture of oil and water B. Salt dissolved in water C. Mixture of sand and iron D. Mixture of pulses and stones ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
3. Which of these is a pure substance? A. Milk B. Oxygen gas C. Tea D. Soil ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
4. Which method can be used to separate salt from water? A. Filtration B. Hand-picking C. Evaporation D. Magnetic separation ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
5. Air is an example of a: A. Homogeneous mixture B. Compound C. Element D. Colloid ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
6. The smallest unit of an element is: A. Atom B. Molecule C. Ion D. Compound ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
7. Which of these is a heterogeneous mixture? A. Sugar solution B. Soft drink C. Mixture of oil and water D. Vinegar ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
8. Brass is an example of a/an: A. Compound B. Element C. Colloid D. Alloy (mixture) ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
9. Which of the following is NOT a pure substance? A. Gold B. Oxygen C. Air D. Water ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
10. A compound is formed when: A. Two or more elements combine chemically in a fixed ratio B. Substances mix physically C. Atoms of the same element combine D. Elements mix without reaction ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
